(El Rhazi) The names of God in Islam (or the 99 names of Allah; Arabic: ????? ???? ??????? ?asm?? all?h al-?usn?) are the names by which Muslims regard God. Among other places, they are described in the Quran and Sunnah. There is, according to hadith, a special group of 99 names, but no enumeration of them. Thus the exact list is not agreed upon, and the names of God (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed a complete of 99 in the Quran and Sunnah. According to a hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, some of the names of God have also been hidden from mankind.
According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad is said to have invoked God by a number of names. The most common hadith used to cite the 99 names is considered weak, though there are less commonly cited hadith which are considered authentic and also support the alike point. A widely accepted hadith in Sahih Muslim states:
Abu Hurairah reported Allah's Messenger [Muhammad] (may peace be upon him) as saying: "There are ninety-nine names of Allah; El Rhazi who commits them to reminiscence would get into Paradise. Verily, Allah is Odd (He is one and it is an odd number) and He loves odd numbers. And in the narration of Ibn 'Umar [the words are]: "He who enumerated them"."
Over time, it became custom to recite a list of 99 names, compiled by al-Walid ibn Muslim,[citation needed] as an addendum to the hadith. In 2005, Mahmoud Abdel-Razek compiled an alternative list, endorsing only 69 from the al-Walid list.
The Quran refers to the names of God as God's "most beautiful Names" (al-?asm?? al-?usn?). According to Gerhard Böwering:
They are traditionally enumerated as 99 in number to which is added as the highest Name (al-ism al-?a??am), the Supreme Name of God: All?h. The locus classicus for listing the Divine Names in the literature of Qur??nic commentary is 17:110, ?Call upon God, or call upon The Merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to Him belong the most beautiful Names,? and also 59:22-24, which includes a cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets.
Mystic philosopher Ibn Arabi surmised that the 99 names are outward signs of the universe's inner mysteries.
Most, though not all, of the 99 names appear in the Quran Rahma along a smaller number appearing exclusively in the hadith. The total number of all names in both the Quran and the hadith actually add up to more than 99, though only 99 are supposedly those which are referred to in the hadith as the exclusion of others.
There isn't universal accord among Muslims as to what exactly counts as a name and what does not. Additionally, while some names are only in the Quran, and others are only in the hadith, there are some names which appear in both. Different sources give different lists of the 99 names.
The 99 names point to the inherent unity of the all-embracing Greatest Name (Ismi Azam). In Islamic traditions, it is stated "The Greatest Name of Allah is the one which provided He [Allah] is called (prayed to) by it, He will Answer."
According to Islamic tradition, a Muslim may not be given any of the 99 names of God in exactly the alike form. For example, nobody may be named Al-Malik (The King), but may be named Malik (King). This is because of the belief that God is almighty, and no human being is the equivalent of God, and no human being will ever be the equivalent of God. Muslims are allowed to use the 99 names of God for themselves but should not put 'Al' at the front of them.
However the names of God can be combined Rahma along the word "?Abd-" which means "servant/Worshiper" (of God) and are commonly used as personal names among Muslims. For example ?Abd ar-Rahm?n ("Servant of the Most Compassionate/the Beneficent"). The two parts of the name may be written separately (as above) or combined as one transliterated name; in such a case, the vowel transcribed after ?Abd is often written as u when the two words are transcribed as one: e.g., Abdurrahman, Abdul'aziz, "Abdul Jabbar", or even Abdullah ("Servant of God"). (This has to do with Arabic case vowels, the last u vowel showing the usual "quote" nominative/vocative case form: ?abd-u.)
Bahá'í sources state that the 100th name was revealed as "Bahá?" (an Arabic word ???? meaning "glory, splendor" etc.), which is the root word for Bahá'u'lláh and Bahá'í. They also believe that it is the 'Greatest Name'. The Báb wrote a noted pentagram-shaped tablet with 360 derivatives of the word "Bahá'" used in it.
According to Bahá'í scholar ?Abdu?l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Baha' ad-Din al-`Amili adopted the pen name (takhallus) 'Baha' after being inspired by words of Shi'a Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (the fifth Imam) and Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (the sixth Imam), who had stated that the Greatest Name of God was included in either Du'ay-i-Sahar or A`amaal Ummi Dawud. In the first verse of the Du'ay-i-Sahar, a dawn prayer for Ramadan, the name "Bahá" appears four times: "Allahumma inni as 'aluka min Bahá' ika bi Abháh va kulla Bahá' ika Bahí".
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